Wayne W. Huang

Brian Doan, 40, was born August 22nd 1968 towards the end of the Tet Offensive in the Central Vietnam city of Quang Ngai. The Tet Offensive was a turning point in Vietnamese history as it marked the end of the Vietnam War and the beginning of what would be a new kind of struggle for an entire generation of war-weary South Vietnamese refugees. Doan and his family remained in Vietnam while his father suffered through ten brutal years in a Communist reeducation camp. Their struggle was one of trying to cope with living under a regime that regarded them as second-class citizens.

In the district of Praça Onze, around the corner from Rua Marquês de Sapucaí where the world-famous Rio Carnaval makes its annual procession, the presence of Crescer e Viver, or “Living and Growing,” is unmistakable with its prominent blue-and-white striped circus tent. It is fenced off in an almost sanctifying gesture from its surroundings of a weed-ridden, empty tarmac lot dotted with a few cars and backed by a panorama-spanning view of Rio de Janeiro’s equally famous favelas (slums). Across from the lot, the newly built Praça Onze metro station stands in stark contrast to the old, crackling buildings – a sign of progress in this decaying part of Rio de Janeiro.

A new generation of Tibetan youths in exile has emerged and are willingly continuing on the struggle for a free Tibet. However, as they become increasingly immersed in the culture of their host country, the struggle to maintain their ethnic identity becomes another challenge Tibetans-in-exile face as a whole. Tibetans in Southern California are confronting this issue and have been making an effort to ensure the survival of their ancient culture and traditions.